Assessment of The Current Economic Situation in the US Essay

Assessment of The Current Economic Situation in the US - Essay Example This essay offers a brief informative review of the developments in the US economy after the financial crisis of 2008. The United States economy growth rate has declined considerably, after the economic crisis. The number of unemployed persons remains high. The slowing economic growth remains a concern due to the negative impacts it has had on the GDP. United States is considered to have the most technologically advanced economy with an approximated GDP of about $48, 000. The private sector dominates the economic sector with the government purchasing most of its goods and services from the private sector. One of the major disasters facing United States is the high level of unemployment, which is attributable to the 2008-2009 economic recessions. The economic recession is considered to be the worst economic crisis after the great depression. About 8.3% people remain unemployed within the U.S. The number increased after the 2008 recession as most companies tried to reduce their workforce as an attempt to counteract the inflation. In the attempt to offset the increased unemployment, the federal government enacted the American Jobs Act. The Act aimed at creating ways to prevent the slowed economic growth The United States financial sector remains fragile with increasing budget deficits. The gross domestic product remains delicate. Attempts to cut down on financial spending affected the revenues negatively. The slowed economic growth has the disadvantage of subsequent increase in unemployment but diminished possibility of inflation.

Substance abuse Essay Example for Free

Substance abuse Essay Substance abuse is the manner in which the use of a specific drug is used that is outside the specified usage. For instance drug abuse, drug addiction and chemical dependency all point to the same i. e. abuse. Hence the use of drugs or chemicals outside the specifications prescribed by the doctor or the norms followed in society is all a definition for substance abuse. When someone uses drugs or chemicals in a manner that is not prescribed by the doctor, then, there are symptoms that mostly follow the use. They mostly vary depending on the substance used. The common types of a person who has an abuse on any substance are:†¢ There is significant impairment or distress in the person that will always show in a period of about 12 months; †¢ There is physical hazard to the user where for instance the person is supposed to operate machines; †¢ There is also failure to be able to perform specific tasks like at school or at work hence poor output that is one cannot fully concentrate. †¢ The person might also become an enemy to the law hence display oneself in a conduct that is not impressive to the society; †¢ Lack of control to the emotions or cannot be one who keeps good relationship with close family or friend; †¢ Alcohol causes sedation and relief of anxiety when used in high consumptions there is slurred speech, ataxia, impaired judgment, and disinherited behavior. The person in picture here being an actress in the SHERRYBABY has been portrayed as being a nuisance to the public and also to the workmates. This seen so because she has been in prison due to the use of heroin. In specific acts in her movie, she tries to also show the steps that any addict of any illegal substance might be able to follow. For instance in one of the movies she follows the track where an addict does i.e. her ability is totally shuttered when she portrays where she drops of a hat, she makes Sherry Swanson turn from sexual to vulnerable, violent to passive, indifferent to invested, self-assured to insecure. Through it all, she is endearing enough to win over even the most ignorant viewers the kind who shields their eyes when in real-life Sherry’s pass them on the street. Chronic alcohol consumption profoundly affects the function of several vital organs, particularly the liver and the nervous, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems. Ethanol has direct toxicity. In addition, since it is a very weak drug that requires concentrations, thousands of times higher than other misused drugs (e. g. , cocaine, opiates, and amphetamines) to produce its intoxicating effects, it is often consumed in quantities large enough to qualify it as a food. Consumption of large amounts of alcohol increases the mortality rate of any consumer, though light to moderate drinkers have a chance of having between changing the habit or also increasing the chances too (Linda A.Mooney, David Knox, Caroline Schacht, 2005). Deaths linked to alcohol use are caused by the cancerous diseases, liver failure suicidal wishes and accidents when driving and the use of machines. In most cases, the drunken take this alcohol with an aim of forgetting their problems, some take alcohol to raise their sexual urge and ability to work. However, according to research, excessive abuse of alcohol does not help one to forget his or her own problems. This is a fact that most drug abuse victims do not have an idea about. In the Sherry Baby movie, this is clearly brought about when Sherry Swanson turn from sexual to vulnerable, violent to passive, indifferent to invested, self-assured to insecure. There are so many effects of the use of illegal substances but the following are the effects that are encountered by the user. They are: 1. Tolerance and physical dependence -The consumption of alcohol in high doses over a long period results in tolerance and in physical and psychological dependence. That is, the victim is not in a position to make independent decisions or handle a situation on his own. 2. Neurotoxicity- Consumption of large amounts of alcohol over extended periods (usually years) can also lead to neurological deficits. That is, some body functions will not take place normally. 3. Cardiovascular System: Alcohol alters the cardiovascular system in many ways. Heavy alcohol consumption of long duration is associated with a dilated cardiomyopathy with ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. 4. Blood: Alcohol indirectly affects hematopoiesis through metabolic and nutritional effects and may also directly inhibit the proliferation of all cellular elements in bone marrow. The most common hematological disorder seen in chronic drinkers is mild anemia resulting from alcohol-related folic acid deficiency. 5. Endocrine System and Electrolyte Balance: Chronic alcohol use has important effects on the endocrine system and on mineral and fluid and electrolyte balance. 6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Chronic maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy is associated with important teratogenic effects on the offspring. Therefore, pregnant mothers are not allowed to consume this substance. 7. Immune System: Alcoholics have a higher than normal rate of infection and are especially prone to respiratory infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis. This is the reason why most of the cough during cold seasons. 8. Increased Risk of Cancer: Chronic alcohol use increases the risk for cancer of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver. Reference Thomson Wadsworth (2006) Understanding Social Problems; Wadsworth Publishing. Page 161-186.

Gothic Fiction Essay -- Literary Analysis, Jane Eyre

Introduction Since the 18th century, Gothic Fiction has become a famous genre. As its popularity has increased during the decades it is still a well-known and much appreciated theme nowadays. Whereas many female authors were restricted to feminist novels and had the reputation of being unable to compose works valuable for everyone, the onset of Gothic writing bore a whole new prospect for them (Heiland 1-8). A famous example for such female authors is Charlotte Brontà «. When she wrote Jane Eyre in 1847 she enqueued herself to the list of successful women of that genre. Even though Jane Eyre contains several aspects of the classic Gothic novel it differs in the font of the uncanny. Whilst novels such as Frankenstein, The Picture of Dorian Gray or Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde allude to a supernatural matter and maintain surreal, Jane Eyre originates from an earthly reason. In this paper a brief definition shall be given of what Gothic Fiction is. The main part will deal with the Gothic elements within Jane Eyre in chronological order. In a final step special attention will be given to the uncanny as it is found during several incidents within Thornfield Hall and why it is different from the classic Gothic. This will be done with special attention to the character of Bertha Mason – the protagonist when it comes to the Gothic aspect of the novel. Gothic Fiction Gothic Fiction is a literary field which emerged in the late 18th century. When it comes to defining its genesis, a precise point in time can hardly be given. Depending on the definition of what Gothic Fiction is, several literary periods bear elements of Gothic – from ancient prose to Shakespearean works, from post-medieval to post-Renaissance. However, the most defined pe... ...extinguished, Jane and Mr. Rochester are able to spend their lives together and to restore peace. She was both a symbol and the reason herself for the burdens which especially Mr. Rochester carried during his life. Without her having died there would have been no way for Jane and Rochester to lead a prosperous consolidated life. Conclusion Jane Eyre indeed is a Gothic novel which shares a great deal of characteristics with the most famous Gothics. Still, its content and reason are beyond surreal factors. It incorporates mysteries and myths and some veritable supernatural happenings. Especially the real, psychological and social origins of the character's fears are the root of emotions and fears haunting the characters. Jane Eyre is a perfect sample for the challenges one has to face in life and the way they obsess one's thoughts and limit the ability to proceed.

Primary Education In Malaysia Education Essay

Primary instruction in Malaysia is under the legal power of the Ministry of Education. It is the goverment duty to give a formal instruction towards kids. Usualy, in Malaysia the mandatory instruction Begin at the age of seven. To do certain that the pupil has improve on their instruction, it is been set that pupil have to sit for public scrutiny at the terminal of primary instruction to continue to the higher degree of instruction. In Malaysia, there are alterations in course of study of instruction. It starts with the Old Primary School Curriculum before 1982 so it alter into New Primary School Curriculum and now instruction in Malaysia is utilizing Standard Primary School Curriculum. Old Primary School Curriculum ( KLSR ) start since Malaya gained independency. Rahman Talib Report the capable reappraisal commission has been established to reexamine the national instruction policy as proposed in the Razak Report that has been established to reexamine the national instruction policy as proposed in the Razak Report that has been made on 1956 and early instruction policy before the 1957 Education Ordinance. There are three phases of instruction system on this course of study. In this course of study, the purpose is to learn all the pupils on how to read and compose. Students had been examined to cognize their ability. Based on Rahman Talib Report, all pupils must go through in Bahasa Melayu paper. On 1979, Old Primary School Curriculum ( KLSR ) has been change into New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) . This is because the cabinet commission has found that Old Primary School Curriculum ( KLSR ) have it failing in many ways. Such as, the course of study has been rep eated and does non hold connexion towards each other. In footings of course of study it is rather a batch and it make the pupils felt bored. Besides, the course of study activities that have been done had been teach individually from the course of study and does non hold any connexion with the formal instruction. New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) has been made due to the alterations that had been made by the study of the cabinet commission in execution of Education Policy issued in 1979. New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) has been launched to the full in 1983. The of import aim of New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) is to do certain that the pupils appreciate and master the Malay linguistic communication as the national linguistic communication and as a tool for solidarity with satisfaction. It besides focused on emphasizes command of basic accomplishments of reading, composing and arithmetic ( 3M ) . New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) besides focused on the pupils holistic in footings of physical, emotion, religious, rational and societal. New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) had been divided into three basic field ; communicating, humanity with the environment and field of self-development. Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) were produce to reorganise and better the bing course of study to guarantee that pupils are provided with the cognition, accomplishments and relevant values to the current demands and challenges of the twenty-first century. The purpose of execution Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) replacing the New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) is to increase pupil involvement in the English topic. In Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) , there are six spikes of course of study that has been design, that is communicating, religious, attitude and value, humanistic disciplines, physical and aesthetic development of scientific discipline and engineering proficiency ego. This course of study are utilizing course of study criterions papers and the design of the course of study is modular. There are two phase in the course of study administration and Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) besides concentrating on get the hanging readi ng, composing, mathematics and concluding ( 4M ) every bit good as basic accomplishments and information engineering ( ICT ) . In decision, the Ministry of Education ever tried the best to better the instruction systems in Malaysia particularly from the first phase, which is in primary school. Teachers and pupils have to understand and seeking their best to give the cooperation with the construction course of study that has been made by the ministry of instruction. Primary instruction is a really good starting motor to develop the kids to be the best among the best by utilizing the course of study of instruction in Malaysia.

Nano Robots Essay

ABSTRACT: Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer (10−9 meters). More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely hypothetical nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots, devices ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components. As no artificial non-biological Nanorobots have yet been created, they remain a hypothetical concept. The names nanobots, nanoids, nanites or nanomites have also been used to describe these hypothetical devices. INTRODUCTION: There are pressing needs in biological research today: the cost of getting new drugs to market is estimated to be 1$ billion by 2015, time to market has increased and failure rates remain shockingly high. Illnesses such as cancer,neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases continue to ravage people around the world. The broad field of nanomedicine seeks to address many of these needs in biology, creating the not so quite as broad discipline of nanobiotechnology. In the last decade, progress in developing nano sized hybrid therapeutics and drug delivery systems has been remarkable. These nanoscale and often multicomponent constructs can be seen as the first nanomedicines, already bringing clinical benefits. A good flow of related technologies is also in development. But are these ‘Nanomedicines’ really new? The educated answer is ‘not really’. The concepts of antibody-conjugates, liposomes and polymer-conjugates stem from the 1970s. At first, they were seen as competing technologies; only one would emerge as a ‘magic bullet’ for all drugtargeting applications. But each has advantages and disadvantages. Antibodies have exquisite potential for selective targeting but, even as humanized proteins, can be immunogenic. Liposomes have high drug-carrying capacity, but can either release drug too quickly or entrap it too strongly and are prone to capture by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), even when polymer coated. Similarly, it is  hard to steer nanoparticles away from the RES after intravenous injection. The ideal delivery system often merges benefits of two or more technologies. As we mark the birth of nanomedicine, it is worth reflecting on the revolution it could bring to healthcare. It is essential that benefits of genomics and proteomics research and advances in drug delivery, are quickly harnessed to realize improvements in diagnosis and therapy. Nanotechnology is already making a key contribution, but this is just the start. There are opportunities to design nanosized, bioresponsive systems able to diagnose and then deliver drugs (theranostics), and systems able to promote tissue regeneration and repair (in disease, trauma and ageing), circumventing chemotherapy. These ideas may seem like science fiction, but to dismiss them would be foolish. Risks and benefits must be addressed carefully to yield useful and safe technologies. An interdisciplinary approach will ensure that the exciting potential of nano medicine’s many facets will be a practical reality in the foreseeable future. The tightly-integrated interdisciplinary team of medical researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, physicists, chemists, and chemical engineers, has an extensive range of expertise to facilitate research on nanomedicine.The long term goal is the development of novel and revolutionary bio molecular machine components that can be assembled and form multi-degree-offreedom nanodevices that will apply forces and manipulate objects in the nanoworld, transfer information from the nano to the macro world, and travel in the nanoenvironment. These machines are expected to be highly efficient, controllable, economical in mass production, and fully operational with minimal supervision. These ultraminiature robotic systems and nano-mechanical devices will be the biomolecular electro-mechanical hardware of future biomedical applications(IGERT). NANOROBOTS: WHAT ARE THEY? Nanorobots are theoretical microscopic devices measured on the scale of nanometers (1nm equals one millionth of 1 millimeter). When fully realized from the hypothetical stage, they would work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to perform tasks in both the medical and industrial fields that have heretofore been the stuff of science fiction. Nanomedicine’s nanorobots are so tiny that they can easily traverse the human body.  Scientists report the exterior of a nanorobot will likely be constructed of carbon atoms in a diamondoid structure because of its inert properties and strength. Super-smooth surfaces will lessen the likelihood of triggering the body’s immune system, allowing the nanorobots to go about their business unimpeded. Glucose or natural body sugars and oxygen might be a source for propulsion and the nanorobot will have other biochemical or molecular parts depending on its task. Nanomachines are largely in the researchand-development phase [1], but some primitive molecular machines have been tested. An example is a sensor having a switch approximately . DISADVANTAGES †¢ The initial design cost is very high. †¢ The design of the nanorobot is a very complicated one. †¢ Electrical systems can create stray fields which may activate bioelectric-based molecular recognition systems in biology. †¢ Electrical nanorobots are susceptible to electrical interference from external sources such as rf or electric fields, EMP pulses, and stray fields from other in vivo electrical devices. †¢ Hard to Interface, Customize and Design, Complex †¢ Nanorobots can cause a brutal risk in the field of terrorism. The terrorism and anti groups can make use of nanorobots as a new form of torturing the communities as nanotechnology also has the capability of destructing the human body at the molecular level. †¢ Privacy is the other potential risk involved with Nanorobots. As Nanorobots deals with the designing of compact and minute devices, there are chances for more eavesdropping than that already exists. Nanotechnology as a diagnostic and treatment tool for patients with cancer and diabetes showed how actual developments in new manufacturing technologies are enabling innovative works which may help in constructing and employing nanorobots most effectively for biomedical problems. Nanorobots applied to medicine hold a wealth of promise from eradicating disease to reversing the aging process (wrinkles, loss of bone mass and age-related conditions are all treatable at the cellular level); nanorobots are also candidates for industrial applications. They will provide personalised treatments with improved efficacy and reduced side  effects that are not available today. They will provide combined action– drugs marketed with diagnostics, imaging agents acting as drugs, surgery with instant diagnostic feedback. The advent of molecular nanotechnology will again expand enormously the effectiveness, comfort and speed of future medical treatments while at the same time significantly reducing their risk, cost, and invasiveness. This science might sound like a fiction now, but Nanorobotics has strong potential to revolutionize healthcare, to treat disease in future. It opens up new ways for vast, abundant research work. Nanotechnology will change health care and human life more profoundly than other developments.Consequently they will change the shape of the industry, broadening the product development and marketing interactions between Pharma, Biotech, Diagnostic and Healthcare industries. Future healthcare will make use of sensitive new diagnostics for an improved personal risk assessment. Highest impact can be expected if those major diseases are addressed first, which impose the highest burden on the aging population: cardiovascular diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal conditions, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, diabetes, and viral infections. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences Nanomedicine holds the promise to lead to an earlier diagnosis, better therapy and improved follow up care, making the health care more effective and affordable. Nanomedicine will also allow a more personalised treatment for many diseases, exploiting the in-depth understanding of diseases on a molecular level. CONCLUSION: Nanotechnology as a diagnostic and treatment tool for patients with cancer and diabetes showed how actual developments in new manufacturing technologies are enabling innovative works which may help in constructing and employing nanorobots most effectively for biomedical problems. Nanorobots applied to medicine hold a wealth of promise from eradicating disease to reversing the aging process (wrinkles, loss of bone mass and age-related conditions are all treatable at the cellular level); nanorobots are also candidates for industrial applications. They will provide personalised treatments with improved efficacy and reduced side effects that  are not available today. They will provide combined action – drugs marketed with diagnostics, imaging agents acting as drugs, surgery with instant diagnostic feedback. The advent of molecular nanotechnology will again expand enormously the effectiveness, comfort and speed of future medical treatments while at the same time significantly reducing theirrisk, cost, and invasiveness. This science might sound like a fiction now, but Nanorobotics has strong potential to revolutionize healthcare, to treat disease in future. It opens up new ways for vast, abundant research work. Nanotechnology will change health care and human life more profoundly han other developments. Consequently they will change the shape of the industry, broadening the product development and marketing interactions between Pharma, Biotech, Diagnostic and Healthcare industries. Future healthcare will make use of sensitive new diagnostics for an improved personal risk assessment.

James Madison and His Presidency Essays - United States, Virginia

James Madison and His Presidency Essays - United States, Virginia James Madison and His Presidency Supriya Panjiyar History US 1301-71008 Professor April Braden 11/30/2017 The founding father of the United States, James Madison crested the first drafts of the US constitution and the Bill of Rights. He served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison was one of those exceptional American politician who thought about the democratic government and the legalization differently. He managed to bring a change in the constitution of America through his skillful ideas and knowledge. Not only he was the brilliant mind behind the ideas of constitution, but he was also a strong supporter of the right of conscience and religious liberty. Apart from the fact that he helped design the constitution, his articles on "The Federalist Paper," is also one of the finest work of political theory in the American history. James Madison Jr. was born in March 16, 1751 in Port Conway, Virginia to father James Madison Sr. and mother Nelly Conway Madison. He was the eldest among his seven brothers and four sisters. His father was a tobacco planter who had grown up in a plantation and later upon reaching adulthood had inherited the plantation and also acquired more property and slaves making him the largest landowner and a leading citizen in the Piedmont. James Madison Jr's mother Nelly Conway Madison was also a daughter of a planter and tobacco merchant. In 1762, Madison was sent to a boarding school in King and Queen county, Virginia and returned after five years to Orange county, Virginia to his father's estate. Due to Madison's health issues his father had him stay home and receive his further education by private tutoring. After two years in 1769 he went to college of New Jersey which is now known as Princeton University. After returning to his home in the Orange county in 1772, he took an interest in the ongoing strained relationship between American colonies and Britain. In 1774, he was appointed as a colonel in the Orange County militia. However, he soon gave up his position in the military for his political career. He stood a representative of Orange county in 1776 at the Virginia Constitution convention to organize a new state government no longer under the British rule where he drafted the state's guarantee of religious freedom. He met Thomas Jefferson around that time who later became his life long friend. In 1777, he lost a seat for Virginia assembly. He supported American- French alliance in the revolution and handled almost all of the council's correspondence with France. He went to Philadelphia in 1780 to serve as one of Virginia's delegates to continental council. In 1783, Madison left congress and returned to the Virginia Assembly where he worked on a religious freedom statute and reworked on revising the document written by Jefferson in 1777. Later on that year he was called back to congress where he helped create a new constitution of US. Madison played a very significant and vital role in creating the US constitution. In 1787, he represented at the constitution convention where he showed his support for a central government. Madison always supported Federalism. He put forward his plans about the constitution through Governor Edmond Radolph. He polished and worked on the principles of constitution which led to giving him the title "Father of The Constitution." Madison after doing a deep research and thinking came to the conclusion that the government had be set up with a system of checks and balances so no branch had greater power over the other. Madison also suggested that governors and judges have enhanced roles in government in order to help manage the state legislatures. After the constitution was written it had to be ratified by nine of the 13 states which was not an easy task because many of the states felt that the constitution gave the federal government too much power. Although many of his ideas were included in the constitution, it faced some oppositions in his own hometown state Virginia and some other colonies. He used to take notes daily of the debates at the constitutional convention. He even collaborated with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in newspaper publication of the "Federalist Paper". He wrote 29 out of 85 of the federalist paper. It promoted the ratification of the US constitution. Civiced.org mentions that "The writings helped him expand his vision of republican government and his idea that the new constitution would be suitable for the ideals and political realities of the young republic". (James Madison and

The Sociology of Social Inequality

The Sociology of Social Inequality Social inequality results from a society organized by hierarchies of class, race, and gender that broker access to resources and rights in ways that make their distribution unequal. It can manifest in a variety of ways, like income and wealth inequality, unequal access to education and cultural resources, and differential treatment by the police and judicial system, among others. Social inequality goes hand in hand with social stratification. Overview Social inequality is characterized by the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. It contains structured and recurrent patterns of unequal distributions of goods, wealth, opportunities, rewards, and punishments. Racism, for example, is understood to be a phenomenon whereby access to rights and resources is unfairly distributed across racial lines. In the context of the U.S., people of color typically experience racism, which benefits white people by conferring on them white privilege, which allows them greater access to rights and resources than other Americans. There are two main ways to measure social inequality: inequality of conditions, and inequality of opportunities. Inequality of conditions refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth, and material goods. Housing, for example, is inequality of conditions with the homeless and those living in housing projects sitting at the bottom of the hierarchy while those living in multi-million dollar mansions sit at the top. Another example is at the level of whole communities, where some are poor, unstable, and plagued by violence, while others are invested in by business and government so that they thrive and provide safe, secure, and happy conditions for their inhabitants. Inequality of opportunities refers to the unequal distribution of life chances across individuals. This is reflected in measures such as level of education, health status, and treatment by the criminal justice system. For example, studies have shown that college and university professors are more likely to ignore emails from women and people of color than they are to ignore those from white men, which privileges the educational outcomes of white men by channeling a biased amount of mentoring and educational resources to them. Discrimination of an individual, community, and institutional levels is a major part of the process of reproducing social inequalities of race, class, gender, and sexuality. For example, women are systematically paid less than men for doing the same work, and sociologists have conclusively demonstrated that racism is built into the very foundation of our society, and is present in all of our social institutions. Two Main Theories of Social Inequality There are two main views of social inequality within sociology. One view aligns with the functionalist theory, and the other aligns with conflict theory. Functionalist theorists believe that inequality is inevitable and desirable and plays an important function in society. Important positions in society require more training and thus should receive more rewards. Social inequality and social stratification, according to this view, lead to a meritocracy based on ability.Conflict theorists, on the other hand, view inequality as resulting from groups with power dominating less powerful groups. They believe that social inequality prevents and hinders societal progress as those in power repress the powerless people to maintain the status quo. In todays world, this work of domination is achieved primarily through the power of ideology, our thoughts, values, beliefs, worldviews, norms, and expectations, through a process known as cultural hegemony. How Sociologists Study Social Inequality Sociologically, we can study social inequality as a social problem that encompasses three dimensions: structural conditions, ideological supports, and social reforms. Structural conditions include things that can be objectively measured and that contribute to social inequality. Sociologists study how things like educational attainment, wealth, poverty, occupations, and power lead to social inequality between individuals and groups of people. Ideological supports include ideas and assumptions that support the social inequality present in a society. Sociologists examine how things such as formals laws, public policies, and dominant values  both lead to social inequality, and help sustain it. For example, consider this discussion of the role that words and the ideas attached to them play in this process. Social reforms are things such as organized resistance, protest groups, and social movements. Sociologists study how these social reforms help shape or change social inequality that exists in a society, as well as their origins,  impact, and long-term effects. Today, social media plays a large role in social reform campaigns and was harnessed in 2014 by British actress Emma Watson, on behalf of the UN, to launch a campaign for gender equality called #HeForShe.

Grab recruiters attention with your resume

Grab recruiters attention with your resume When you’re writing your resume, these days there are a number of different audiences to consider. There’s the hiring manager. There’s the robot resume scanner. And there’s another person altogether: the recruiter. The recruiter is a bit different because they’re focused on the bottom line from the start. Where a hiring manager wants to know how you’ll fit in as part of a team, the recruiter often just wants to make sure you meet the most important job description criteria, before passing you up to the next level or down to the reject pile. So how do you get (and keep) the attention of a recruiter? Let’s look at what they look at first on resumes, to figure out how to apply that to your own.The average recruiter spends six to ten seconds looking at a resume initially before deciding whether or not to move on to the next one. So you want to catch attention fast with strong keywords, placed strategically. If they don’t see what th ey’re looking for in their initial quick glance, you likely won’t stand a chance. According to James Hu, founder and CEO of Jobscan.co, the keyword technique that works for those automated Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) is also effective for human readers as well.As part of that initial scan, recruiters are not looking for long-winded bullets about your third-most important responsibilities and achievements at X Corp. They’re looking for elements that stand out: headlines, bolded phrases, years. That means that your resume formatting just became even more important.Your experience bullets are crucial for the deeper read, but when you’re hoping to grab attention right away, make sure you’re putting emphasis on the most important parts: company names, job titles, and the dates you were there. The recruiter is trying to put together an image of you as an applicant based on that quick skim, so the more you highlight the short, punchy, relevant detail s about your experience, the easier you make it for them to see how impressive your work history is.This also means that a killer headline is a great way to maximize your resume for a quick recruiter read. The one-liner that sets your professional narrative should be one of the first thing the recruiter sees, and it should be both succinct and clear. Specificity is your friend here.Good headline: â€Å"Innovative Problem Solver with More Than 5 Years’ Experience As a Window Washer†Bad headline: â€Å"Detail-Oriented Go Getter†The first headline tells the recruiter two crucial points about your resume: you solve problems, and you have a lot of work experience. The second headline is vague, and has no real substance. The recruiter’s eyes will glaze right over it.Remember: you’ll have time later to wow a reader with your work experience bullet points, or a list of skills that make you perfect for the job. First, though, you need to lean in to human na ture, and understand that short, powerful visual cues are the way to get a recruiter’s attention up front.

Performance Review Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Performance Review Memo - Essay Example The different writing styles are now deeply entrenched in my writing and can be selected interchangeably depending on various course requirements. For example, most of the assignments given required that we use either APA or MLA referencing styles. Moreover, the course has helped in the acquisition and improvement of such skills as teamwork that would have otherwise not been learned. The group work helped in learning how to collaborate with other members in achieving a certain goal. The nature of the work, for instance, allowed us to divide the various aspects amongst ourselves and later compiled the work together. Group members were given the liberty to choose the areas that they felt adeptly knowledgeable therefore making the quality of the work better. In addition, and most importantly, the course has improved the ability to develop good research questions and strategies for meeting the research objectives. This ability was enhanced by the step-by-step approach employed by the lecturer. To help in the effective functioning of the group, we broke down the assignment into four parts one for each of us. Delegation of duties is one role that we highly appreciated in a bid to hasten the process of research. All the group members were helpful in achieving the set objectives. Most importantly, each of us selected the areas of the assignment that we were most conversant with. I contributed highly in the area of consumer education as a response to reducing theft of beauty products at the fresh market. Ali’s contribution in the group was most visible in the aspect of employee education as an effective tool of reducing theft of beauty products at the Fresh Market. This is an area that he is well versed in and most of his points came from real experience coupled with supporting literature review. Sara’s contribution was as important as everyone else’s and she did her job

Conflict & Intra-professional Relationships at the Workplace Research Paper

Conflict & Intra-professional Relationships at the Workplace - Research Paper Example Workplace conflict has long been viewed as an all negative thing, but the truth is that it is neither all positive nor all negative; it has both positive and negative implications (Masters & Albright, 2002; Duddle & Boughton, 2007). Conflicting intra-professional relations, however, increase the level of job stress among workers. Many studies have verified this (Healy & McKay, 2008 & McVicar, 2003). Different people use different coping strategies to manage workplace conflicts (masters & Albright, 2002). The way a workplace conflict is handled is the actual determinant of whether the effects of the conflict will be positive or negative. Perception of conflict is a subjective behavior and varies from person to person, but this perception is a factor that affects the coping strategy to be used greatly (McVicar, 2003). Like all fields of work, workplace conflict and conflicting intra-professional relations are also present in the field of nursing. In fact, one study by Hutchinson and co lleagues (2006) also confirms the presence of Bullying in a sensitive profession like nursing. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of conflict and intra-professional relationships in the field of nursing by presenting a critique of two prescribed journal articles in the same field. Almost, J. (2006). ‘Conflict within nursing work environments: concept analysis’. Journal of  Advanced Nursing, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 444-453.   This article is by Joan Almost, who is a faculty member of nursing at the University ty of Toronto, Canada. Titled ‘Conflict within nursing work environments: concept analysis’, this article was accepted for publication on the 27th of July, 2005; and was published in the Journal of Athe advanced Nursing in 2006, volume 53, issue 4. The article is based on a theoretical literature review of available academic material on workplace conflict within nursing, aimed at explaining and exploring the process of workplace conflic t. The data was collected by searching for some popular online academic databases for relevant articles submitted in the last 25 years.

Researching Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Researching Cancer - Essay Example al, 2005). However, sometimes the breast cells, which are especially sensitive to cancer causing agents (carcinogens), may change to abnormal cells that multiply out of control, causing cancer. Researchers suspect that interaction between estrogen and certain cyclins like cyclin-D1 can stimulate cell division (Clark et. al, 2005). They have also found that over-expression of the growth factor TGF-alpha can also trigger increased cell division in breast cells (Clark et. al, 2005). Unlike other type of breast cancers which present itself with a breast lump, IBC grows quickly in the narrow lymph vessels of the breast. The rapidly increasing breast cancer cells block the local lymphatic ducts in the breast, which is responsible for draining the waste, bacteria, viruses, excess and impurities from each part of the body and also help to carry useful white blood cells or lymphocytes and large proteins to the circulatory system (Virtual Medical Center, 2010). This restriction in drainage causes edematous swelling of the breast and nipple retraction (Virtual Medical Center, 2010). The IBC usually grows in nests or sheets and therefore, it can be diffuse throughout the breast with no palpable mass (Anderson, 2006). In inflammatory breast cancer, the cancer cells occupy large portions of the breast within a period of few weeks to months. Accumulation of the lymphatic fluid gives the skin of the breast a dimpled appearance like that of an orange peel (peau d’orange) (Life Extension, 1995). Other symptoms include rapid increase in breast size, redness, persistent itching and the skin feels hot to touch (Life Extension, 1995). IBC progresses rapidly and therefore it is not generally diagnosed until it is in Stage III or Stage IV, when the signs like edematous swelling of the breast, muscle aches and pains become more prominent (Rahn, 2006). This advanced and accelerated form of breast cancer cannot be usually detected by mammograms or ultrasounds (Life

Identification Questions Of POL SCI Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Identification Questions Of POL SCI - Assignment Example 5. First, a number of methods for conducting election campaigns were changed signaling democratization by a general enlargement of the voting franchise. Secondly by early 19th Century, a majority of free white adults could vote. Thirdly, the election system was characterized by two major parties that dominated it. 6. Hyper-pluralism is a state where there is a group(s) or factions that are stronger than the government making the government to be weakened. They are dangerous because they undermine the rule of simple majority. 12. First, it allows for division of power between the National, State and Local governments of which, none is superior or inferior to the other. Secondly, it has a constitution that lists the powers of these governments and describes their various institutions. Thirdly, it provides for an independent judiciary capable of reviewing the laws and regulations of the governments of each level thus avoiding power struggles. 13. With trustee, the legislators vote and act according to their own personal beliefs and what they feel is good for the society. On the other hand, delegated theory assumes the delegate as an agent of the voters and so will vote according to what the voters want even if they do not support it wholeheartedly. 16. Constitutionalism patriotism is a concept that is part of the post-nationalism theories that have been used influentially to develop the nation. A case study is their use in developing the European Union (Ceaser, 25). On the other hand, liberal nationalism refers to a kind of nationalism that is developed and identified by political philosophers who believe in non-xenophobic kinds of nationalisms. It is compatible with liberal values of freedom, individual rights, tolerance and

Reflective Journaling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Journaling - Essay Example me a sense and meaning of the information being presented, yet, engaging in activities based on that information does further strengthen my grasp and insight into what is being taught. It is the practical application of the grasped information and facts that brings in an element of conviction in the overall learning outcome. Hence, I do happen to adhere to an adaptive learning style. I have realized through experience that the greater the extent of senses and learning faculties involved in a learning situation, the better rends to be the learning outcome (Wills, 2005, p. 14). Thereby, I did make an effort to gain a measure of proficiency in all types of learning styles. To be able to adapt to varied teaching and management styles, it is important for an individual to develop a measure of competency in different types of learning styles and approaches. Sticking to a single learning or management styles does hamper learning. This is because in the practical life one is bound to come across superiors, colleagues and subordinates who are comfortable with one or other different types of communication and management styles. It is a fact that every person happens to be more at home with certain specific teaching and management styles. However, a proactive approach towards gaining proficiency in various types of learning styles enhances the learning experiences one comes across. This allows a learner to coordinate with a teacher or a superior disseminating information and instructions using a specific style and approach and to adapt the insights so gained into a compatible form and format For instance if a teacher lectures a visual learner, such a learner can grasp and preserve the information being conveyed in a verbal format by translating it into visual formats like mind maps (Bulkeley, 2004, p. 80). The same can be done by a visual learner in a professional environment where the boss is used to verbal communication. Going by the fact that I am an individual with a

Employment laws for business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employment laws for business - Case Study Example 2. In this situation Alvin does not have a strong claim for age discrimination. The police department prefers to utilize younger officers. This is for the safety of other officers as well as the safety of the general public. Moreover, the department does not require Alvin to retire. However, many employees choose to retire at the age of 50 this is no where stated as a requirement. Although Alvin's job description has changed he was given a suitable replacement. In addition Alvin was not asked to take a pay cut or work other hours. Although Alvin may not be satisfied with this new position it is in the best interest for society. 3. Carter does not have a claim for age discrimination based upon the facts given. The company needed to lay off employees due to economic downfalls. Layoffs during poor economic times are often an option utilized by employers. Unfortunately there is nothing the company can do in regard to the economic situation. Carter will be eligible for unemployment as the company has not debated this claim. Moreover, Alvin has only been with the company two years.

Reflective Journaling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Journaling - Essay Example me a sense and meaning of the information being presented, yet, engaging in activities based on that information does further strengthen my grasp and insight into what is being taught. It is the practical application of the grasped information and facts that brings in an element of conviction in the overall learning outcome. Hence, I do happen to adhere to an adaptive learning style. I have realized through experience that the greater the extent of senses and learning faculties involved in a learning situation, the better rends to be the learning outcome (Wills, 2005, p. 14). Thereby, I did make an effort to gain a measure of proficiency in all types of learning styles. To be able to adapt to varied teaching and management styles, it is important for an individual to develop a measure of competency in different types of learning styles and approaches. Sticking to a single learning or management styles does hamper learning. This is because in the practical life one is bound to come across superiors, colleagues and subordinates who are comfortable with one or other different types of communication and management styles. It is a fact that every person happens to be more at home with certain specific teaching and management styles. However, a proactive approach towards gaining proficiency in various types of learning styles enhances the learning experiences one comes across. This allows a learner to coordinate with a teacher or a superior disseminating information and instructions using a specific style and approach and to adapt the insights so gained into a compatible form and format For instance if a teacher lectures a visual learner, such a learner can grasp and preserve the information being conveyed in a verbal format by translating it into visual formats like mind maps (Bulkeley, 2004, p. 80). The same can be done by a visual learner in a professional environment where the boss is used to verbal communication. Going by the fact that I am an individual with a

CHILDHOOD OBESITY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CHILDHOOD OBESITY - Research Paper Example Furthermore, these children have an increased risk of having impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and may also have diabetes. Obese children are also prone to having breathing problems, and they may further develop asthma. Socially and psychologically, these obese children are likely to have problems such as being discriminated against and having low self-esteem, and these problems are likely to continue way into their adulthood. Obese children have a high likelihood of becoming obese adults, and this is associated with several serious health conditions which include heart disease and some types of cancers. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition in children who have considerably more weight than is normal for their age and height. It is a very troubling problem because the extra weight often puts the children affected on a path that leads to health problems that one would expect to see only in adults, such as high blood pressure among others. ... w whether their child is obese or not, and it is always best to have a doctor measure the child’s weight in comparison with his or her height to determine whether he or she is in a healthy weight range. Childhood obesity, being a global problem, is increasingly affecting both the developing and the developed countries alike, although at different rates, depending on the economic conditions prevailing in such countries. The problem seems to be aggravated by the transitions in nutritional and physical activity that are currently taking place and are leading to an increase in the use of energy-saving devices, the availability of cheap high-calorie foods, and the limited participation of these children in physical activities both at home and at school. In some cultures in Africa and Asia, for example, the situation is further complicated due to the social and cultural beliefs that consider obesity and excess weight to be signs of wealth and prestige. One of the main reasons why mo re and more children are becoming obese is the fact that many of them spend more time in front of televisions, computers, or video games and, therefore, have less time for physical activity. The busy schedules and lifestyles which the families of today have result in their not having enough time to prepare home-cooked meals full of nutrients, and instead they have the tendency of ordering extremely unhealthy fast food. Bagchi (2010, p.233) states that childhood obesity may lead to some children being miserable about their weight, and these are more prone than those of regular weight to develop unhealthy eating habits and disorders such as anorexia. They are also more prone to depression and are at a great risk of getting involved in the abuse of addictive substances. There are many ways through

Independent Auditors Report Essay Example for Free

Independent Auditors Report Essay LCC has conducted an audit of Apollo Shoes, Inc. balance sheets, the retained earnings, cash flows, and other related statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2006/2007. Apollo Shoes Inc management is responsible for maintaining the effective internal controls that goes along with the financial statements and how well the accuracy is going to be. LLC has evaluated the effectiveness of the said controls and with everything to see the relevance in the timing, the substantive in quality, and the comprehensive in nature. The responsibility of our firm is to express an opinion that is supported by audit evidence in regards to the accuracy of the Apollo Shoes, Inc. financial statements. Our firm has conducted all audit related services that is accepted by the United States and the generally accepted auditing standards. The planning and performance done ensures that the audit was done to execute and obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements published by Apollo Shoes, Inc. are free and clear of material misstatement. It is going to include the examination of the evidence and/or the supporting documentation for the amounts that are disclosed and included in the financial statements. The assessment of the accounting principles that were used, how the management did their estimates and the overall evaluation of the presentation of the financial statements (Arens, Elder, Beasley, 2006). Therefore, we assert that this audit provides a reasonable basis for our rendered opinions with the information that was provided by Apollo Shoes, Inc. The consolidated financial statement referred to above have been presented fairly, in our opinion, based on the LLC audit services and those of the prior auditor. While accompanied by an explanatory paragraph below, the results of Apollo Shoes, Inc. financial position of the company as of December 31, 2006/2007 the cash flows and the operations for the year are in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles. The financial statements of Apollo Shoes, Inc have been prepared assuming that they will remain in a going concern. The purpose of the LCC audit was not to evaluate the health of the company; SAS 59 indicated that the auditor has the responsibility to evaluate the company and to see whether the company is likely to remain a going concern (Arens, Elder, Beasley, 2006). LLC have expressed some uncertainty over Apollo Shoes, Inc. status as a going concern for a couple of factors. They are related to a loss of major customers that are pending legal proceedings, which could jeopardize the organization and its ability to operate. Mall Warts, the largest customer for Apollo Shoes, Inc. has declared bankruptcy, which has prompted a reduction in the clients operating activity, workforce and now an ongoing labor strike. It is a class action lawsuit for $12,000,000 for a gross negligence and violation of warranty on the merchantability that was filed in early 2008. With the legal fees that had incurred in 2007, the financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcomes of the uncertainties that are there.

Free College Admissions Essays - The Colors of Our World :: College Admissions Essays

The Colors of Our World White sees black as criminally minded Black sees Asian as racially blinded Asian sees Jew as money-motivated Jew sees white hoods, white-robed hatred Around and around but it stops when I found That I start with my own heart I gotta break down My own racist mind, mind be free Take me one step closer to equality Most of my life has been spent in an almost completely white community. Until last summer, I had only known one person of color, a kid on my middle school cross-country team. We got along pretty well except for the time he hip-tossed me before a meet and cracked a bone in my arm. I notice that at times I find myself prejudging others on the color of skin. I was forced to confront all that I believed on the issue of race and equality when I was accepted as a counselor for our church camp. Along with the 28 other summer counselors, I arrived on the grounds to discover those who would become my lifelong friends. One of them was a black teenager, Justin. Being accustomed to spending time with only whites, at first I had problems adjusting to being with that which was different. Now I look back and wonder how Justin dealt with being the loner among an all-white team. All thoughts of race and any other differences among any of us soon faded as we became a close family. Of course, remarks were made now and then to the color of Justin's skin, but always in loving fun. For example, we often got together as a group to hang out at the beach or pool in the evenings to play beach football or swim. One time Adam, another summer counselor, acted scared wondering where Justin was because he could not see him in the dark. So he yelled out, "Hey, Justin! Where are you? I can't see you. Smile." Everyone laughed at the joke including Justin, giving his location away by the white of his teeth.

Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner Essay -- Technology Lawsuits

Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner On January 23, 2003, the world’s leading computer networking equipment maker Cisco Systems, headquartered in San Jose California, filed a lawsuit against China-based Huawei Technologies and its United States subsidiaries Huawei America and FutureWei Technologies. In the lawsuit, Cisco alleged that Huawei stole intellectual property by copying its Internet Operating System (IOS) software and its copyrighted user manuals. Cisco also claimed that Huawei infringed on its patents. After numerous failed attempts to resolve these complaints directly with Huawei, which included a cease and desist letter to one of Huawei’s United Kingdom distributors, Cisco decided that a lawsuit was necessary to protect the company and its shareholder’s interests. The lawsuit was processed through United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. This paper will provide an overview of this landmark case and discuss whether each company had a different view of ethics that or iginated from differing cultural perspectives. I. Case Background Cisco Systems’ 77 page complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Easter District of Texas demanded a trial by jury in response to Huawei’s misappropriation and intellectual property infringement in the development of its competing Quidway routers. One of Huawei’s United States based wholly-owned subsidiary, FutureWei, is located in Plano, Texas; the other subsidiary Huawei America is located in California’s Silicon Valley, nearby Cisco Systems’ headquarters. The China-based parent company is a multi-billion dollar corporation that has manufactured network and telecommunications equipment since 1988. Huawei marketed its Quidway router... ... â€Å"Huawei: Cisco Code is Gone,† April 15, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=31253 [3] â€Å"Cisco Wins Huawei Injunction,† June 9, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=35058 [4] â€Å"Managing in the Multicultural Environment†, Charis Intercultural Training Corporation, 2004. [5] â€Å"Differences of Opinion: The Cisco-Huawei Lawsuit†, The Hoffman Agency, China High Tech PR Newsletter, http://www.chinahightechpr.com/fullArticle.cfm?code=284 [6] â€Å"WTO Ministerial Conference Approves China’s Accession†, November 10, 2001 Press Release, http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres01_e/pr252_e.htm [7] The United States and China: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Protection, http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/ea/iprcn/ [8] Baase, S.; A Gift of Fire, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, 2003. Flags obtained from http://www.enchantedlearning.com

Kfc Markting Essay

Frame work: In Macro environment there are many factors that will effect the decision making in any organisation. To overcome and analyse these factors organisation can categories it in to PESTLE model which is considered as below. The macro-environmental or external factors of KFC can be identified by using PESTLE analysis which stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Legal and Environmental. Political factors: This factor mainly deals with the government policies and procedures which is worked out through legislation and consists of all legal factors such as How stable is the political environment? Government position on market ethics Government view on culture and religion Government policy on Economy Taxation policy on tax rates and incentives These are some of the political factors that include legal issues, government implementations and define both the formal and informal rules under which the organization must be operated. Economic factor: KFC organization is affected with national and global economic factors such as Cost of labour, Interest and Inflation rates, Economic growth rates, Business cycle stage (e. g. recession, recovery) and Unemployment rates. Due to recession the income of the KFC has consistently dropped down and most of the employees were jobless and the rest employees were employed for very few hours also the organisation had to cut down their budget. Social factor: It includes the cultural and demographic aspects of the external macro environment. The potential of the employees who come from different back grounds and work together in the KFC and customer trends and aspect which the KFC has to consider as per their needs and wants of the customer such as changes in lifestyles, Level of education, Value in society, Demographics (age, sex, race etc. ,) and Change in consumer needs and wants. The U. K people are mostly dependent of the fast food centres as they find very busy with their schedules. Technological factor: This factor is the major driver of globalization which reduces the minimum efficient of production levels and some of the technological factors are recent technological developments, Rate of technology changes, Alternative way of providing services, New discoveries, Communication technology. The technology has now become the most important aspect in KFC as when the customers are mostly delighted and satisfied with service including latest technology that is available in the KFC. The latest Technological methods that are used to serve the customer faster are such as digital screens, wireless headphones for the staff, cooking utensils. Legal factor: The KFC has to maintain the rules and regulations related to the hygiene factors such as like employee proper training regarding the food and safety, personal hygiene, clean work environment and proper use of the utensils. This also deals with the legal environment in which the firms operate like the U. K has come up with the introduction of age discrimination legislation and increase in the minimum wage and greater requirement of recycles. When speaking about the hygiene it’s a very true example were KFC had to bare the high penalty because of failing in maintaining food hygiene. A Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant at the Hernston Business Park in Bridgend has been fined a record ? 24,000 plus costs of ? 2,000 after pleading guilty at Bridgend Magistrates Court to multiple food hygiene offences – the largest penalty handed out to date for such offences in Bridgend County Borough. Bridgend County Borough Council brought two prosecutions against KFC (GB) Lt d resulting from inspections completed by the Public Protection team on 25 September 2005 and 22 May 2006. † Ref: http://www. bridgend. gov. k/web/groups/public/documents/press_release/018326. hcsp http://www. oup. com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12. htm Environment factor: KFC by considering the environmental factor has proved to be quite friendly towards environment where it uses the paper material for the food and services carrying instead of plastic to help in reducing the global warming though it cost very high for the organisation to adopt paper materials such as paper plates, paper boxes for food parcel, glasses and cups etc. 3. The Swot Matrix The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision making for all sorts of situation in KFC organisation. The SWOT is acronym for Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats. SWOT provides a good frame work for reviewing stratergy, position and direction of a company or business pr oposition. Need an essay? You can buy essay help from us today!

Current evidence based approaches for children’s behaviour Essay

Identify and explain current evidence based approaches to understanding children and young people’s behaviour Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the integration of best research evidence with practice expertise and the values of service users and carers. Firstly, when looking at best practice strategies in our setting it is evident that a number of theorists have had much impact on how we interact and engage children in their learning and development. Theorists focused on cognitive development such as Piaget and Vygotsky stressed the importance of the social environment in helping children realise their potential. Whilst behaviourists like Skinner believed that children learn/develop through consequences and reinforcements after an initial behaviour. Other theorists, like Freud and Maslow, examined the influence of personality and motivation as factors that influence our behaviour. Bandura further highlighted the value of social interactions. These studies and research have helped shape and model much of how we operate in the support we give children in their development and learning. EBP in infant, toddler, and early childhood psychology has the potential to improve the health of an increasingly diverse community by focusing on the needs of the youngest, most vulnerable members of society and the families charged with their care and nurturance. Although infant and early childhood psychology may seem like a narrow and specific area, evidence-based practice with young children and their families is vitally important, considering the broad implications for future long and short-term developmental outcomes There are many specific reasons for school psychologists’ current interest in infants, toddlers, and young children. For example, Premature and low birth weight (LBW) infants, especially very low birth weight (< 1500 grams), present unique challenges for early intervention since LBW is often a precursor for a myriad of developmental, medical, sensory, and learning difficulties. We use observations and next steps within my setting as evidence based approach to understanding a child’s behaviour. Using evidence seen such as – a child gets unsettled with transitions during the daily routine – how can we use  this evidence to best plan for the child. I.e. – in future give advance warning to any changes in the routine and offer support and comfort at times they find difficult thus the child growing in confidence. As a practitioner we apply knowledge to a situation that has been previously researched which allows us to make a well informed decision about future actions. Every day practise can be influenced by what we have learnt or found out from research, media, and colleagues. Professional practise is keeping up to date with these findings and using them to deliver best practise (using evidence and findings). Within my setting we also understand and respect the importance of all agencies communicating and sharing information and evidence to see the ‘whole child’ using this evidence to shape our practise and how we plan between each other for the best of the child.

Ujian Matematik Tambahan

Sekolah Menengah Sains Muzaffar Syah Melaka 75450 Air Keroh Melaka Ujian 2 2007 Additional Mathematics Form 4 Time : 75 Minuets INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES 1 This question booklet consists of three parts, Section A and Section B. and Section C Answer All Question in Section A and B and two Question of section C 2 Give only one answer/ solution to each question. 3 Show your working . It may help you to get marks. 4 The figures/diagrams given in a problem in this question booklet would provide useful information to solve the problem. However, it might not be drawn to scale. 5 Write the answer in the answer sheets provided. All solution methods must be clearly shown. You may loose marks if important working steps are not properly shown. 7 The marks for each question or part-question are shown in brackets. 8 You may use a non- programmable scientific calculator. The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given are the ones commonly used . 1 x = ?x N 6 Ar c length, s = r ? 7. Area of sector , A= 1 2 r ? 2 2 x = ? = ? fx ? f ? (x ? x ) N 2 8. = y=uv, 3 ?x N 2 dy dv du =u +v dx dx dx ?x 2 9 2 4 ?= ? f ( x ? x) ? f = ? fx ? f 2 ?x 2 du dv v ? u u y = , dx = dx 2 dx , v dy v dy dy du = ? dx du dx 10 5 ?1 ? ?2N? F? M = L+? C ? fm ? ? ? ? ? Section A 1 Answer all questions The mean of x+ 3, 2x – 5, x + 7, x and 3x + 7, is 12 . Find (a) the value of x (b) median [ 4 marks ] Answer : (a) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (b) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. A set of examination marks a1 , a2, a 3, a 4, a5, a6, has a mean of 5 and standard deviation of 1. 5 Find (i) the sum of the marks, ? a , (ii) the sum of the squares of the marks, ?a 2 [ 3 marks ] Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. The mean of a set of four positive integers is 6. When a number y is taken out from the set, the mean becomes 5. Find the value of y. [ 3 marks ] Answe r †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. The mean of the set of numbers 2. 5, 3. 6, 4. 3, 5. 8, x is 4. . Find the standard deviation of the set of data. Give your answer correct to three decimal places [3 marks] Answer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ________________________________________________________________________ 5 Marks Number of student 1 -20 2 21 – 40 1 41- 60 5 61 – 80 14 81 – 100 8 Table above shows the marks obtained by a group of students I a monthly test. Find the standard deviation of the marks. Give your answer correct to two decimal places. [ 4 marks ] Answer :†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ __________________________________________________________________________ _ 6 (a) Convert 231 o 11 ‘ to radian (b) Convert 1. 455 to degree and minutes [ 2 marks ]Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Diagram 1 shows a sector AOB with centre O . A 5c m O 0. 5 rad 5c m B DIAGRAM 1 Find the area of the shaded segment [ 4 marks] Answer :†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 r A O 63 o B Diagram 2 shows a circle with centre O. Given that the length of the major arc AB is 62. 21 cm, find the length of the radius, r , in cm. [3 marks ] DIAGRAM 2 Answer :†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Diagram 3 shows two arcs, AD and BC, for two circle with centre O and radius OA and OB respectively. 12 cm ? 10 cm 10 cm DIAGRAM 3 Given that the length of arc BC is 12 cm , OD is 10 cm and OD : DC = 5 : 2 Find , a) ? , in radian b) the are of the shaded region ABCD. 4 marks] Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ __________________________________________________________________________ _ Section B Answer two question only [ 20 marks ] 1 Table 1 shows the marks of 80 students in an examination. Marks No of Students 50 – 59 8 60 – 69 25 TABLE 1 (a) Calculate the mean marks of the student. [ 3 marks ] 70 – 79 22 80 – 89 18 90 – 99 7 (b) Draw a histogram and estimate its mode [ 4 marks ] (c) Without drawing an ogive, calculate the median marks of the students [ 3 marks ] 2 Diagram 4 shows sector AOB and sector OED with centre O and E respectively . OCE is a right angle triangle. A cm C BO D ? RAJAH 6 E Given that ? AOB is 500 , OA = 10 cm , OE = 8 cm and OB : BC = 2 : 1. Calculate (a) (b) (c) ? and radian, [2 marks] perimeter of the shaded region in cm, [4 marks] area of the shaded region in cm2. [4 marks] 3 a) Find the value of 4 3 i) limit x ? 3x + 2 x x>4 x 2 ? 64 ii) limit n >8 x ? 8 [3 marks] b) Find dy of y = 3Ãâ€"2 by using first principle dx [2 marks] c) Differentiate the following with respect to x 1 i) y = x + ? 5 ii) y = 2Ãâ€"3 ( 3x -5)4 x 128 d) Given that f(x) = 2x – 3 find f ? (2 ) x [ 3 marks ] [ 2 marks ] END OF QUESTION PAPER Prepared By †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Pn Saripah Ahmad Approved by,

Walt Dysney Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Walt Dysney - Case Study Example The three key elements of such a technology project plan are described below; a. Databases: Detailed information about the existing customers, prospective customers, types of services available, customer orders, other inventory items etc. forms a crucial component of the database. The information, thus generated, can be used to track the periodicity of the customer/s in using the services of the company, tracking of orders, customer preferences etc. Such information can subsequently be used to improve the services of the company. b. Programming: After the company has set up the requisite databases, there's a need to integrate the different database items into one common entity to make the online experience a wholesome e-commerce activity. This can be achieved when there is built-in programming and software coding to assist the database integration and providing a useful user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI can be of different types for different segment of customers. The programming also facilitates creation of the order/s, invoice generation, accepting the payment and communicating the shipping details. The programming must make the e-commerce website easy to handle even for a non-technical user. Programming tools like visual basic, java, html, C++ etc. are the most popular one's for creating a user friendly interface. c. Networks: For providing a reliable communication networks function as the backbone. In today's era of Information Technology the world is increasingly becoming networked, technical, and closer to each other. Communication networks are generally defined based on their size and complexity. In general the three main types of networks are Local Area Networks (LAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN). Networks not only help the company in information/ data sharing, but it also helps in improving efficiency and reducing costs. When the databases are interconnected though internet or any other type of networking, it also helps in reducing data redundancy and simplification of error handling mechanism. The company can opt for an appropriate network depending upon the type of requirements. Intranets will be used by the company people to update the information for the general user. For example to connection all adjoining database centres within premises the compan y can set up a LAN; to connect two or more company offices within the city the company can set up a MAN while for connecting such data centres located across the countries or regions, it can set up a WAN. Internet will of course be the interface for the user and company officials on the move. Networks will therefore be extremely useful to manage customer orders and inventory. In addition to the above mentioned elements the technology implementation plan requires use of some more assisting technologies so that the new technological solution does not adversely affect any individual/ party concerned with the company. i. Use Cases in System Analysis and Design: Henney (2007) states that, "A 'use case' represents a case of use of a system, ideally one that captures a functional requirement in terms of an identifiable and testable goal." Therefore Disney

Does data and analysis present a good argument Debating the research Assignment

Does data and analysis present a good argument Debating the research method of an article - Assignment Example The large size of sample is associated with biasness during presentation due to the work load involve, a confirmation that differences are as a result of size bias not mode selected. Sampling mistake arises in the sampling procedure itself as not all parties of the outline population are assessed (Easterby-Smith et al 2003). Normative model is used during web surveys as opposed to paper and pencil procedures. What I could have suggested for the authors of the article is to reduce the sample size. By using accommodating sample size it is easy to manage the sample bias. Normative model presents an opportunity for participants not to pay much attention as compared to face to face or telephone surveys (Easterby-Smith et al 2003). I would suggest combining normative model with instrumental model to improve sample bias and check ramifications of low response rate (Vieira et al 2002). The research relied mostly on qualitative research rather than employ mixed research method. Vieira, W., De La Tour, K., & De La Tour, S. (2002). Projectiology: a panorama of experiences of the consciousness outside the human body. Brazil, International Institute of Projectiology and

Can qualitative research be valid and reliable Essay

Can qualitative research be valid and reliable - Essay Example This is because without the help of this guideline we cannot determine whether when standard procedures are used to analyze data, will result to inferences that are biased. This suggests that it only by understands the activities in data generation process that will enable one produce a valid explanatory inference. Kirk and Miller (1985:25) state that most methodologies used in qualitative research come in package with a range of reliability checks but none with validity. Therefore, social science relies almost completely on methods that are used to assure reliability considering that ideal validity is not achievable in theory. This idea is based on the fact that all measurement is to some extent are suspect because all measuring instruments cannot be perfectly controlled. This brings an argument that the tool used to measure in a research is closely related to the subject under observation and to that; it is apparently providing applicable data. According to Silverman (2006:43), it is not to be assumed that the only way to ascertain the validity of qualitative research is through the use of techniques used in quantitative research. Other attempts have been made to establish qualitative investigations validity. The decision of which observation is to be selected in qualitative research, is very critical for the conclusion of the study and to the degree its product’s determination and its reliability. Many opportunities are present that permit bias to interrupt our selection methods. This is because often selection conditions in qualitative research are implicit and made with no self conscious challenge to assess possible biases. Many sources of biases are invited when randomness is abandoned during selection (King, Keohane and Verba, 2001:128). According to Silverman (2006:279-89), reliability in the context of qualitative research has been related to the generation of a measurable concept. This implies that consistently recording of observations is a re liable method. Similarly, researchers believe that reliability is the dependability of the degree of consistency. Having pointed out that, researchers use a variety of methods when collecting data such as interviews, participation and documents among others to collect their observations hence creating a consistent record of observations (Rubin and Babbie, 2010). Though opinions vary regarding the degree of reliability that can be addressed in qualitative research, there is a sound interpretation by Silverman that need to be considered. When measuring a concept by construct validity, the measure of a concept is related to another concept’s measure whereby the two concepts are said to be related, illustration of construct validity is done in this way. This involves a researcher to specify that the two concepts are related (Ragin, Nagel and White, 2004). This implies that when the measures are related, each measure has construct validity of the other but if they are not related then there is no construct validity. Measures lack face validity if good reasons emerge to question the correlation of the measure to the concept under study. This measure of validity is

Comparing and contrasting the Epic of Gilgamesh and Genesis 1-11 Essay

Comparing and contrasting the Epic of Gilgamesh and Genesis 1-11 (Religious Studies) - Essay Example Many people are telling that the flood in Gilgamesh is the same with the flood in Genesis. Definitely, it is not. The God in Genesis is not the same as the Mesopotamian deities. Understanding this fact give us a clear view point of a concrete difference between both accounts. Considering that there might be some similarities in the flow of the story however, the mere authority whom both accounts recognize builds a definite margin line that establishes their differences. Many people most especially those who devote themselves in religious and historical literature know the famous story about the great flood that can be found both in the Book of Genesis and of the Mesopotamian Gilgamesh. The stories are very much the same, however making a close comparison about details showed that they are very different. The God in Genesis is also more reasonable than that of the Mesopotamian gods. Understanding what has been the reason for flood will give us the clear idea of the differences of the character of the God in Genesis and of the Mesopotamian gods. The biblical account showed that God has seen how people have turned wicked. It has never been the will of the God of the Bible that man will stay wicked and will be unpunished. Because of that he decided to save Noah and his family from those evil people and the way by which it could be done is through the flood. The mere reason for that flood is to end the wicked generation that God of the Bible has seen existing during the time of Noah. On the contrary, the main reason why the gods in Gilgamesh caused the flood is because of the noise that the people create. The gods decided for a flood simply because they can not sleep (Gilgamesh 12). The unanimous decision of gods is to cause a flood and to make no any man survived. Ea who created man does not want it to happen. Meaning, we could even see misunderstanding in their mythical gods that mostly resembles human character. But through a dream, the

Indicte behaviors that hold a team back and what role a leader ship Essay

Indicte behaviors that hold a team back and what role a leader ship process might play in strengthening those areas - Essay Example Leadership is all about building peak performing teams, teams focused on accomplishing goals. Leaders are able to effectively communicate and motivate the team to perform the set goals. Professionalism provides the tools needed to develop essential skills required for personal and team success. Focusing on building skills such as professionalism, effective communication, time management and organization, helps leaders develop a productive team ready to provide a positive contribution to the success of the organization (Vital Learning, N.D.). Many organizations struggle, not from lack of advanced information -- rather, they never really master these basics. One of the responsibilities of a leader is to motivate the team to all work together towards the common goal. This can be a daunting challenge. So often the team is comprised of very diverse members, each with their own strengths, weaknesses, and work styles. The team dynamics are also often complicated by internal disagreements and personal conflicts. The leader, not only has work with this group of people, but also needs to achieve the results expected by their superiors. Leaders can benefit by being able to identify the types of personality characteristics of team members. By understanding the basic personality types, the leader can use individual strengths of members for the good of the team, as well as assign tasks that individual team members naturally excel in. A leader can also learn to communicate in a way that is motivating, by taking into account the needs, values and working preferences of different team members (PointShop.com, 2006). Besides, regular positive and negative feedback from the team members will also help in improving and understanding the needs of the team. For many individuals, every day life activities, including work related activities, are impaired due to a lack of, or untrained organizational skills. What can be done to develop or improve organizational

The Public Need to Know Essay Example for Free

The Public Need to Know Essay Research has shown that children born in the 2000‘s have a 1-3 chance of developing type two diabetes, and 7% of obese five to seventeen year olds has at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease. â€Å"Over the past 30 years childhood obesity has more than tripled in the United States. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, obesity in children is one of the easiest medical conditions to recognize but most difficult to treat. (Wittman,2010 pg.75).† are now federal guidelines now in place that all school are required to meet. These new federal nutrition guidelines are now tough, due to the changes in state and federal laws the government has banned the use of pesticides in crop growing. The federal government has finally step in and made new laws to save the children of our future. Infusing the new health and nutrition program to ensure meals are well balanced and nutritional for students growth and development is one of the best thing they come have ever implemented, many of these new meal requirements as part of their â€Å"program nutrition standards set forth by the USDA require most schools to increase the availability of whole grains, fat-free and low-fat fluid milk in school meals; reduce the levels of sodium, saturated fat and Tran’s fat in meals; and meets the nutritional needs of school children within their calorie requirements (Johnson, RK, et al. 1998).† This brochure will identify the economy issues, special need for the students been served, developing a standard health and nutrition menu for schools and the benefits of changes that’s have been made in the school lunch menu. Some of economy issues for school lunch and breakfast pr ograms were re-authorized with significant improvements to make it easier for eligible children to be enrolled. By doing the re-authorization will allow underprivileged children in families that receiving government asseds to automatically receive free school meals without having to complete an application, and school districts will have to review a sample of applications more carefully to make sure families are  eligible. With nutrition and health meals in school that are high in fat, sodium, cholesterol and they were very unhealthy meals. All of this was done to cut the cost of foods. The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) that started in 2006 was the second largest food and nutrition assistance program which and provided over 28 million low-cost or free lunches to children on a typical school day at a Federal cost of $8 billion for the year (Economic Research Report 1998). The NSLP report provides background information on the, including historical trends and participant characteristics. It also addresses steps being taken to meet challenges facing administrators of the program, including tradeoffs between nutritional quality of foods served, costs, and participation, as well as between program access and program integrity. The special need is for students to be offer a variety of healthy foods in school meal and snack programs that will prevent childhood obesity and diabetes. Schools are required by law to offer school meals and snacks that are consistent with the federal government’s dietary guidelines. Having these programs has allowed students to develop healthy eating habits and to learn to enjoy many different foods. Healthier meals provide energy and nutrients for students. These are special needs because schools where given students food that was unhealthy and causing childhood deaths. These new programs that have been enforced has help decrease childhood diabetes and obesity. FIGURE 5-1 Excerpt from a late version of the Menu Development spreadsheet for estimating and evaluating the average daily energy and nutrient content that would be provided by possible meal patterns for breakfast, using preliminary targets for schoolchildren ages 5–10 years kindergarten through grade 5. (Joh nson, RK, 1998 pg. 295) TABLE M-6 Sample Lunch Menus: High School MONDAY| TUESDAY| WEDNESDAY| THURSDAY| FRIDAY| WEEK 1| | | | | Choice of:| Choice of:| Choice of:| Choice of:| Choice of:| Sloppy Joe (3.6 oz) on WW Roll| Regular or Spicy Chicken Strips (3oz)| Pineapple Glazed Turkey Ham (2 oz)| Nachos Grande with Tortilla Chips (2 oz)| Teriyaki Chicken Dippers (3 oz) with White Rice (1 c)| Cheese Lasagna (1oz) with Marinara Sauce ( ½ c)| Chicken Patty (2.5 oz) on WW Roll| Hamburger (2.7 oz) on Bun| Chicken Patty (2.5oz) on WW Roll| Corn Dog  (4oz)| Assorted Pizza (6.3oz)| Assorted Pizza (6.3 oz)| Assorted Pizza (6.3oz)| Assorted Pizza (6.3 oz)| Assorted Pizza (6.3 oz)| Cheeseburger (2.7oz meat, 1 oz RF cheddar cheese) on Bun| Grilled Chicken Salad (2 oz chicken, 2 oz black beans, 1 c spinach, cherry tomato)| Chef Salad (1 oz turkey, 1 oz ham, 0.5 oz LF cheese,  ½ egg, 1 c dark green leafy blend, cherry tomato, cucumber)| Taco Salad (2 oz taco meat, 1 oz shredded cheddar, 0.25 oz tortilla chips, 1 c dark green leafy blend)| Black Bean Salad ( ½ cromaine, 2 oz black beans, 1⠁„8 c corn, 1⠁„8 c p ineapple)| Deli Roll Salad (1oz turkey, 1 oz LF cheese, 1 c romaine blend, tomato)| Sub Sandwich (1.5 oz turkey, 0.5 oz RF cheese) on Hoagie Bun (4†)| Roast Beef Sub (2 oz roast beef, 1 oz RF cheese, romaine leaf, tomato) on WW Hoagie Bun (5†)| Veggie Sandwich (2 oz RF cheese, lettuce, tomato, cucumber) on Hoagie Roll (5†)| Deli Turkey Sub (2 oz turkey, 1 oz RF cheese, lettuce, tomato, cucumber, red onion) on WW Hoagie Roll (5†)| Sub Sandwich (0.75oz turkey ham, 0.75 oz turkey salami, 0.75 oz turkey bologna, 0.5 RF cheese) on WW Hoagie Roll (5†)| Veggie Wrap (romaine, 2 oz monterey jack cheese, cucumber, red pepper, tomato, matchstick carrots) in WW Tortilla| Buffalo Chicken Wrap (2.5 oz chicken, 1 oz LF cheese, romaine leaf, 1 oz ranch dressing) in WW Tortilla| Turkey Club Wrap (2 oz turkey, 1 oz RF cheese, lettuce, tomato, 1 oz ranch dressing) in WW Tortilla| Italian Wrap (1 oz turkey salami, 1 oz turkey ham, 1 oz LF cheese, romaine leaf, tomato) in W W Tortilla| | Green Beans ( ½ c)| Sweet Potatoes ( ½ c)| | Baked Potato Wedges ( ½ c)| Vegetarian Beans ( ½ c)| Fresh Mini Carrots ( ½ c)| Fresh Zucchini Slices ( ½ c)| Golden Corn ( ½c)| Sliced Summer Squash ( ½ c)| Developing a standard health and nutrition menu for schools involve there were five major steps taken to help develop the menu : (1) consideration of the adequacy of the meal planning approaches in current use; (2) the selection of the new meal planning approach; (3) the identification of an established food pattern guide to serve as a basis for school meal patterns for planning menus that are consistent with Dietary Guidelines for Americans; (4) the design and use of spreadsheets to test possible meal patterns against the preliminary nutrition targets established in Chapter 4; and (5) the testing of a series of possible standards for menu planning and evaluation of the resulting menus in terms of nutrient content, cost, and suitability for school meals (School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy  Children) The benefits of these programs are typically acquired during person’s childhood according to The Dairy Council. Therefore, healthier school lunches would lead to healthier nutritional choices throughout childrens entire lifetimes. By making healthy school lunches the norm as opposed to the exception, children will inadvertently learn about nutrition and healthy eating. The reverse is also true; children who are provided with sugary, fatty foods at school can develop poor eating habits that can last a lifetime but by have this program is has decrease childhood diabetes and cholesterol. References Wittman, Demand Media; Candy Vs. Vegetables Healthy, Unprocessed Lunch Choices, 2010 Johnson, RK, et al. Journal of Child Nutrition and Management, 1998. 2:95-100. Gettlinger, MJ, et al. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,

A micro assembler for a processor

A micro assembler for a processor INTRODUCTION A micro assembler (sometimes called a meta-assembler) is acomputer programthat helps prepare amicroprogramto control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way anassemblerhelps prepare higher level code for aprocessor. The difference is that the microprogram is usually only developed by the processor manufacturer and works intimately with the hardware. The microprogram defines theinstruction setany normal program (including bothapplication programsandoperating systems) is written in. The use of a microprogram allows the manufacturer to fix certain mistakes, including working aroundhardwaredesign errors, without modifying the hardware. Another means of employing micro assembler-generated micro programs is in allowing the same hardware to run differentinstruction sets. After it is assembled, the microprogram is then loaded to astore to become part of the logic of aCPUscontrol unit. Some micro assemblers are more generalized and are not targeted at single computer architecture. For example, through the use of macro-assembler-like capabilities,Digital Equipment Corporationused theirMICRO2micro assembler for a very wide range of computer architectures and implementations. If a given computer implementation supports awriteable control store, the micro assembler is usually provided to customers as a means of writing customized microcode. Ã ¨ Computer programs(softwareprograms) areinstructionsfor acomputer.A computer requires programs to function, typicallyexecutingthe programs instructions in acentral processor.The program has anexecutableform that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. The same program in its human-readable sourceform, from whichexecutableprograms are derived (e.g.,compiled), enables aprogrammerto study and develop itsalgorithms. Computer source code is often written by professionalcomputer programmers. Source code is written in aprogramming languagethat usually follows one of two mainparadigms:imperativeordeclarativeprogramming. Source code may be converted into anexecutable file(sometimes called an executable program or a binary) by acompiler. Alternatively, computer programs may be executed by acentral processing unitwith the aid of aninterpreter, or may beembeddeddirectly intohardware. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE: A program written in assembly language it basically contain of a series ofinstructions- mnemonics that correspond to a stream of executable instructions, when translated by anassembler that can be loaded into memory and executed. For example, anx86/IA-32processor execute the below instruction as given inmachine language. Binary: 10110000 01100001 (Hexadecimal: B0 61) The mnemonic move it tells the opcode1011tomovesthe value in the 2nd operand into the register. Transforming the assembly language into the machine code is done by anassembler, and the vice versa by this assembler. In High-level language, there is usually aone to one relationbetween simple assembly logics and machine language instructions. But, in few cases, an assembler provides instructionswhich will expand into several machine code instructions to provide its functionality. Eachcomputer structureandprocessor designhas its own machine understanding language. Each instruction is simple enough to be executed using a relatively small number of electronic circuits. System may differ by the type of operations they support. For example, a new 64-bit (AMD processor) machine will have different structure from a 32-bit (Intel processor) machine. They also have different size structure and the different storage structure. Multiple collection ofmnemonics codesor assembly-language code may exist for a single instruction set, typically instantiated in different assembler programs. In thes e cases, the most popular one is usually that supplied by the manufacturer and used in its documentation. ASSEMBLER The advancedassemblercreatesobject codeby translating assembly instruction mnemonics intoop codes, and by resolvingsymbolic namesfor memory locations and other entities.The use of symbolic references is only the key feature of assemblers, saving tuff calculations and manual address. Most assemblers also includemacrofacilities for performing textual substitution. E.g.: To generate common short sequences of instructions to runinline, instead of in asubroutine. Assemblers are easier to write thancompilersforHLL. Advanced assemblers, like RISCbased architectures, such asMIPS, SunSPARC, and HPPA-RISC, it optimizeinstruction schedulingto exploit theCPU pipelineefficiently. There are two types of assemblers, based upon how many passes through the source are needed to produce the executable program. One-pass assemblers go through the source code once at a time and assume that all symbols will be defined before any instruction that references them. Two-pass assemblers create a table with all unresolved symbols in the first pass, and then use the 2nd pass to resolve these addresses. The advantage in the one-pass assemblers is about its speed, which is not as important as it once was with advances in computer speed and capabilities. The advantage of the two-pass assembler is that symbols can be defined anywhere in the program source so its an easier way to understand the user. Its results to the program can be defined in a more logical and meaningful way. It will make two-pass assembler programs easier to read and maintain. More sophisticatedhigh-level assemblersprovide language abstractions such as: Advanced control structures. High-level procedure declarations and invocations. High-level abstract data types, including structures, unions, classes, and sets. Sophisticated macro processing. Object-Orientedfeatures such asencapsulation,polymorphism,inheritance,interfaces. Heres how it works: Most computers come with a specified set of very basic instructions that correspond to the basic machine operations that the computer can perform. For example, a Load instruction causes the processor to move a string of bits from a location in the processorsmemoryto a special holding place called aregister. The programmer can write a program using a sequence of these assembler instructions. This sequence of assembler instructions, known as thesource codeor source program, is then specified to the assembler program when that program is started. The assembler program takes each program statement in the source program and generates a corresponding bit stream or pattern. The output of the assembler program is called theobject codeor object program relative to the input source program. The object program can then be run whenever desired. Earlier programmers actually wrote programs in machine code, but assembler languages or instruction sets were soon developed to speed up programming field. Today, assembler programming is used only where very efficient control over processor operations is needed. It requires knowledge of a particular computers instruction set. Historically, most programs have been written in higher-level languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/I, and C. These languages are easier to learn and faster to write programs with than assembler language. MICROASSEMBLER A micro assembler also called as meta-assembler. It is a kind of program which helps prepare a micro program to control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way an assembler helps prepare higher level code for a processor. The use of a micro program allows the manufacturer to fix certain mistakes, in hardware design also. Another means of employing micro assembler-generated micro programs is in allowing the same hardware to run different instruction sets. When it is assembled, the micro program is then loaded to a control store to become part of the logic of a CPUs control unit. Some micro assemblers are more generalized and are not targeted at single computer architecture. For example, the use of macro-assembler likes capabilities, Digital Equipment Corporation used their MICRO2 micro assembler for a very wide range of computer architectures. THE ASSEMBLER USED BY THE MICROSOFT (MASM) MASM is a Microsofts assembler and abbreviation used for it is Macro Assembler. MASM is a very powerful macro feature, and is capable of writing very low-level syntax, and pseudo-high-level code with its macro feature. MASM 6.15 is currently available as a free-download from Microsoft site. MASM is a one of the Microsoft development tools that are targeted 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit platforms. Versions 6.1 and 6.11 included Phar Laps TNT DOS extender so that MASM could run in MS-DOS. MASM will write in Intel Syntax. MASM is used by Microsoft to implement some low-level portions of its Windows Operating systems. MASM, contrary to popular belief, has been in constant development since 1980, and is upgraded on a needs-basis. MASM has always been made compatible by Microsoft to the current platform, and executable file types. MASM currently supports all Intel instruction sets, including SSE2. MAL (MICRO ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE): It describes about the lexical, syntactic, and semantic elements of the language, and gives a focus on microprogramming with the mic1 micro-assembler. Lexical: Most assembly language such as Micro-Assembly Language is a line-oriented language. Each micro-instruction is generally defined on a single line of the program file. The end-of-line is generally significant. It is a case-sensitive. For example, AND is a reserved word Corresponding to a bitwise operation of the mic1 ALU, while and is not reserved and may be used as a label Comments The comments will begin with two slash characters (//) and continue to the end of the line. Blank lines and lines consisting only of white space and comments are ignored by the micro-assembler. Directive Directives for the micro-assembler begin with a period character (.) and may contain alphabetic characters. There are two micro-assembler directives: .default and .label. Directives are used to provide guide the behavior of the micro-assembler, and do not correspond with words in the control store. Reserved Words The names of registers and control lines are reserved, as are the words if, else, goto, nop, AND, OR, and NOT. For the mic1 architecture, the following words are reserved and may not be used as statement labels: MAR MDR PC Fetch If Else goto nop AND OR NOT MORE ABOUT THE MICRO ASSEMBLER: Micro Assembler is Integrated Development Environment for assembly programming. Micro Assembler has a much easier syntax than any of the major assemblers, a great combination for beginners. Micro Assembler is a Windows based application so you can enjoy user-friendly Windows environment. APPLICATIONS Hard-coded assembly language is typically used in a systemsboot ROM(BIOSon IBM-compatiblePCsystems). This low-level code is used, among other things, to initialize and test the system hardware prior to booting the OS, and is stored inROM. Once a certain level of hardware initialization has taken place, execution transfers to other code, typically written in higher level languages; but the code running immediately after power is applied is usually written in assembly language. The same is true of mostboot loaders. Many compilers render high-level languages into assembly first before fully compiling, allowing the assembly code to be viewed fordebuggingand optimization purposes. Relatively low-level languages, such asC, often provide specialsyntaxto embed assembly language directly in the source code. Programs using such facilities, such as theLinux kernel, can then construct abstractions utilizing different assembly language on each hardware platform. The systemsportablecode can then utilize these processor-specific components through a uniform interface. Assembly language is also valuable inreverse engineering, since many programs are distributed only in machine code form, and machine code is usually easy to translate into assembly language and carefully examine in this form, but very difficult to translate into a higher-level language. Tools such as theInteractive Disassemblermake extensive use of disassembly for such a purpose. A particular niche that makes use of assembly language is thedemo scene. Certain competitions require the contestants to restrict their creations to a very small size (e.g. 256B, 1KB, 4KB or 64 KB), and assembly language is the language of choice to achieve this goal.When resources, particularly CPU-processing constrained systems, like the earlierAmiga models, and theCommodore 64, are a concern, assembler coding is a must: optimized assembler code is written by hand and instructions are sequenced manually by thecodersin an attempt to minimize the number of CPU cycles used; the CPU constraints are so great that every CPU cycle counts. However, using such techniques has enabled systems like the Commodore 64 to produce real-time3D graphicswith advanced effects, a feat which might be considered unlikely or even impossible for a system with a 0.99MHzprocessor BENEFITS OF IT: The micro programmed Data General Eclipse S/200 computer is available with a writable control store. The WCS feature of the Eclipse is having extension of the micro programmed control logic of the computers central processing unit. It allows a user to implement specialized instructions at a very low level. Its use is however, discouraged since Data General does not provide software support for the WCS feature. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Microprogramming with the Eclipse Computer WCS feature Corporation, 1974. www.wikipedia.com www.google.com www.ontko.com Answers.com. assembly language: Definition and Much More from Answers.com. Retrieved 2008-06-19. NESHLA: The High Level, Open Source, 6502 Assembler for the Nintendo Entertainment System Eidolons Inn : SegaBase Saturn